Impacto da queima de biomassa nas propriedades físico-químicas de aerossóis no Pantanal brasileiro
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14295/holos.v23i2.12489Resumen
O Pantanal brasileiro é uma floresta complexa com grande importância no controle do fluxo de água na Bacia do Rio Paraguai, apresentando crescente produção agropecuária e tem sofrido fortemente por queimadas cuja emissão impacta a formação de nuvens, espalhamento da radiação, qualidade do ar e a saúde humana. Por isso, para analisar o impacto das queimadas nas propriedades físico-químicas dos aerossóis em uma reserva natural no Pantanal Norte, material particulado foi coletado em filtros, durante sete meses de amostragem na estação seca. A caracterização química foi realizada com fluorescência de raios-X por dispersão de energia e refletômetria para quantificação de black carbon equivalente(eBC). As propriedades óticas obtidas do sítio Cuiabá-Miranda da AERONET como: Profundidade Ótica de Aerossol (AOD), Expoentes de Angstrom de absorção e espalhamento (EAE, AAE, SAE), Albedo de Espalhamento Único (SSA) e Distribuição de Tamanho Volumétrico, foram usadas para caracterizar e classificar oticamente os aerossóis. Os resultados indicam forte impacto da emissão de queimadas nas propriedades óticas, com aumento das médias de AOD, SSA, AAE e SAE. Observou-se a alteração do perfil químico dos elementos traços, que em sua maioria é Al, Si, Fe e P, na estação chuvosa; e BC equivalente, S, K, ao quando há maior incidência de queimadas. Houve redução do tamanho médio das partículas coletadas verificada pela massa coletada nos filtros e pelo produto de inverso de distribuição volumétrica da AERONET. O valor médio da concentração de massa PM de 6,7±5,56 µg.m-3 para a moda grossa e 5,98±2,18 µg.m-3 para a moda fino. A concentração média de eBC foi de 0,59±0,53 µg.m-3, e durante um episódio de incêndio florestal, atingiu 1,68 µg.m-3 na moda fina. Os resultados mostraram a relação direta entre agrupamentos óticos de alta absorção e de menor tamanho e o aumento da concentração de eBC.
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